{"id":1938,"date":"2026-06-15T16:08:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T16:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/?p=1938"},"modified":"2026-06-15T16:09:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T16:09:04","slug":"ive-designed-hundreds-of-leadership-programmes-too-many-were-compromised-before-they-began","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/ive-designed-hundreds-of-leadership-programmes-too-many-were-compromised-before-they-began\/","title":{"rendered":"I&#8217;ve\u00a0designed hundreds of leadership programmes. Too many were compromised before they began.\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>By Harrie&nbsp;Ellaway<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>For L&amp;D leaders, programme designers, executive&nbsp;coaches&nbsp;and the leaders who fund them.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two years ago, a CEO told me politely and accurately that I had answered the wrong question.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The programme I was presenting had taken months to build. The brief had travelled through layers of HR and L&amp;D before it reached us, and somewhere in that relay it had quietly become a different brief from the one in the CEO&#8217;s head.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We rebuilt the programme. It was signed off. The content was strong. The facilitators were experienced. The teams it was designed for engaged with it the way people often engage with imposed development: professionally, politely, and without ownership.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two months later, in the final board session, somebody finally said&nbsp;out loud&nbsp;that this might not have been the work the organisation had&nbsp;actually needed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the time many leadership programmes begin, the critical mistake has already happened. The development has been aimed at the leader. The constraint usually sits inside the team.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I have been doing this work for fifteen years, and that story is not an outlier. It is what happens when leadership development is built on the only thing the system reliably gives you \u2014 a brief \u2014 and the brief almost never reaches the team.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Those teams have&nbsp;established&nbsp;habits, political dynamics, communication&nbsp;patterns&nbsp;and behavioural constraints that were never examined before the work began.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cPrecision at the delivery stage cannot compensate for ambiguity at the diagnostic stage.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The numbers behind the room<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I have sat in versions of that Monday-morning conversation. The data behind it is, depressingly, consistent.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leadership development is a vast global industry.&nbsp;<strong>Only 11% of executives strongly agree that their leadership development achieves the results they want<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 McKinsey, 500+ executives globally. One of the most revealing numbers in the field.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The transfer-of-learning literature has tracked a similar pattern for decades:&nbsp;<strong>only 10\u201320% of training content translates into sustained behaviour change on the job<\/strong>. Beer,&nbsp;Finnstr\u00f6m&nbsp;and Schrader called it&nbsp;<strong>&#8220;the great training robbery&#8221;<\/strong>&nbsp;in the Harvard Business Review&nbsp;nearly a&nbsp;decade ago.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is not a story about lazy programme design. Reputable providers invest serious time in curriculum,&nbsp;faculty&nbsp;and learner experience. The failure usually happens earlier: the development is decoupled from the system it is meant to change.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The brief is built on three unreliable inputs<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Every brief that lands on a designer&#8217;s desk has travelled through filters. In the story above, mine had passed through three of them\u2014CEO, HRD, L&amp;D Manager\u2014before it reached me. By then, it was no longer quite the same brief. That is structural, not accidental. There are three reasons this happens so often.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The sponsor&#8217;s own self-perception may be inflated.\u00a0<\/strong>Only\u00a0<strong>10\u201315% of people are genuinely self-aware<\/strong>\u00a0(Eurich, HBR). The brief that comes from a leader\u2019s reading of the problem may, statistically, be the wrong reading.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The feedback reaching senior leaders has already been softened.\u00a0<\/strong>Eurich calls this\u00a0<strong>&#8220;CEO&#8217;s disease&#8221;<\/strong>: the more senior you are, the less candid the feedback you receive. The CEO in my opening story\u00a0wasn\u2019t\u00a0being given dishonest information. She was being given carefully edited\u00a0information, and\u00a0writing the brief on top of it.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>There\u00a0isn&#8217;t\u00a0agreement even on what the team is for.\u00a0<\/strong>Across 124 organisations,\u00a0<strong>only 28% of executives and managers responsible for executing strategy could name three of their company&#8217;s strategic priorities<\/strong>\u00a0(Sull, MIT Sloan). Twenty-eight percent. Of the people whose job it is to make the strategy real.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The curriculum may be excellent. The facilitators may be exceptional. But if the target is wrong, those who&nbsp;participate&nbsp;feel it acutely.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The gap is concrete. Listen to enough stakeholders privately and the same pattern surfaces. It can sound like this.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>WHAT THE SPONSOR BRIEFS<\/strong>\u00a0<br><em>\u201cWe need stronger strategic alignment.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/td><td><strong>WHAT THE TEAM IS ACTUALLY SEEING<\/strong>\u00a0<br><em>\u201cNobody is willing to challenge the CEO in the room.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>WHAT THE SPONSOR BRIEFS<\/strong>\u00a0<br><em>\u201cWe want our leaders to be more decisive.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/td><td><strong>WHAT THE TEAM IS ACTUALLY SEEING<\/strong>\u00a0<br><em>\u201cDecisions get reopened every week because ownership is unclear.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>WHAT THE SPONSOR BRIEFS<\/strong>\u00a0<br><em>\u201cImprove cross-functional collaboration.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/td><td><strong>WHAT THE TEAM IS ACTUALLY SEEING<\/strong>\u00a0<br><em>\u201cPriorities change so often that nothing stabilises.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Executive teams often describe themselves as aligned because conflict is absent in meetings. The organisation experiences something else: disagreement has simply moved offline. Calm meetings are often mistaken for healthy teams.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The IKEA effect: why imposed development quietly dies<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s&nbsp;a well-known psychological pattern from Harvard Business School researchers Norton,&nbsp;Mochon&nbsp;and Ariely: people place higher value on things they have helped to build, even when their contribution was small and the result was no better than someone else&#8217;s. They called it the IKEA effect. The labour creates attachment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cProgrammes built entirely from a sponsor&#8217;s brief miss this mechanism almost completely.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most sophisticated buyers have already worked this out. When the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premierleague.com\/en\/news\/4535343\/the-military-experience-transforming-coach-development-across-the-premier-league\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Premier League<\/a>&nbsp;engaged me on coach development, the brief was anchored around four non-negotiables: the work had to be&nbsp;<strong>co-created<\/strong>&nbsp;with the cohort,&nbsp;<strong>immersive<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>role-relevant<\/strong>, and designed to&nbsp;<strong>challenge thinking<\/strong>&nbsp;rather than confirm it. Three of those four are the IKEA effect written into the brief.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is why diagnostic-first development tends to outperform brief-first development. When the team contributes its own evidence\u2014when members and stakeholders see the data before anything is designed\u2014the work already carries their fingerprints. The leader returns to a team that helped form the conclusion, not one that has been handed a conclusion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Where the constraint&nbsp;actually lives<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is one more reason brief-first development misses: the brief is usually written about a leader, while the constraint is living in the team.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meta Team\u2019s research, drawing on more than 150,000 data points across thousands of teams over a decade, suggests that a large share of team performance is explained by how the team operates as a system \u2014 its shared behaviours, habits and dynamics \u2014 not by individual talent alone. Developing teams tends to have greater performance impact than developing the same number of leaders individually.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cA large share of team performance is explained by how the team&nbsp;operates&nbsp;as a system. The leader is rarely the only unit of change.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The result is rarely dramatic failure. Most organisations are too resilient for that. The result is drift \u2014 slower decisions, diluted accountability, fragmented execution, teams quietly compensating for problems the system has stopped noticing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The industry is not broken. The sequence is.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a temptation to read this as evidence that workshops, coaching or facilitation simply&nbsp;don\u2019t&nbsp;work. They do. The best executive coaches change lives. The best facilitators move teams in ways no programme alone could. The point is not that the industry has failed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The point is that we have got the sequence wrong. By the time the provider enters, the organisation has already decided which problem it is solving. We refine the solution before we have&nbsp;validated&nbsp;the problem, then judge the result on satisfaction scores.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cNo serious strategist would&nbsp;operate&nbsp;this way in another domain. A company would not redesign its operating model before understanding the operational constraint. It would not invest millions in product expansion before&nbsp;validating&nbsp;customer behaviour. Yet leadership development routinely&nbsp;proceeds&nbsp;exactly like this.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What does shift the odds is well&nbsp;evidenced. McKinsey found that successful programmes were far more likely to be anchored on the specific behaviours executives identified as critical drivers of business performance, the team\u2019s actual context, not a generic curriculum. The diagnostic in front of the curriculum is what makes the curriculum land.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That is the core problem.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leadership development should not begin with a generic programme. It should begin by understanding the team the leader is returning to its habits, dynamics, constraints, and the behaviours the wider organisation has already adapted around.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because before an organisation decides what development a leader needs, it should answer a more important question first:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do we&nbsp;actually understand&nbsp;what is limiting the team they are supposed to be leading? Until we can, we are spending billions teaching leaders to lead teams we have never properly&nbsp;understood, and&nbsp;quietly wondering why so little of what we teach takes hold.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ABOUT THE AUTHOR<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Harrie Ellaway<\/strong>&nbsp;is a passionate coach and facilitator and a former Corporal in the Royal Engineers. Over fifteen years he has designed and delivered immersive leadership programmes across the military,&nbsp;corporate&nbsp;and elite sport sectors.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ABOUT META TEAM<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meta Team is a behavioural diagnostic platform used by leadership teams to&nbsp;identify&nbsp;the interaction patterns constraining performance \u2014 particularly around candour, coordination, decision&nbsp;quality&nbsp;and execution. Its short-form stakeholder diagnostic is used alongside leadership development, coaching and organisational-change work to help teams&nbsp;identify&nbsp;the real constraint before interventions are designed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SOURCES<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Eurich, T. \u2014 &#8220;What Self-Awareness Really Is (and How to Cultivate It),&#8221; Harvard Business Review, January 2018.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2018\/01\/what-self-awareness-really-is-and-how-to-cultivate-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/hbr.org\/2018\/01\/what-self-awareness-really-is-and-how-to-cultivate-it<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Sull,&nbsp;Turconi, Sull &amp; Yoder \u2014 &#8220;No One Knows Your Strategy \u2014 Not Even Your Top Leaders,&#8221; MIT Sloan Management Review, 2018.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/sloanreview.mit.edu\/article\/no-one-knows-your-strategy-not-even-your-top-leaders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/sloanreview.mit.edu\/article\/no-one-knows-your-strategy-not-even-your-top-leaders\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Norton, Mochon &amp; Ariely \u2014 &#8220;The IKEA Effect: When Labor Leads to Love,&#8221; Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2012.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/item.aspx?num=41121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/faculty\/Pages\/item.aspx?num=41121<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 McKinsey &amp; Company \u2014 &#8220;What&#8217;s Missing in Leadership Development?&#8221; 2017.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/leadership\/whats-missing-in-leadership-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/featured-insights\/leadership\/whats-missing-in-leadership-development<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Beer,&nbsp;Finnstr\u00f6m&nbsp;&amp; Schrader \u2014 &#8220;Why Leadership Training Fails \u2014 and What to Do About It,&#8221; Harvard Business Review, October 2016.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2016\/10\/why-leadership-training-fails-and-what-to-do-about-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/hbr.org\/2016\/10\/why-leadership-training-fails-and-what-to-do-about-it<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 SNS Insider \u2014 Leadership Development Program Market, 2024.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/leadership-development-program-market-reach-140000488.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/leadership-development-program-market-reach-140000488.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022&nbsp;Center&nbsp;for Creative Leadership \u2014 Make Learning Stick (transfer-of-learning research).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccl.org\/articles\/leading-effectively-articles\/learning-transfer-leadership-development\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ccl.org\/articles\/leading-effectively-articles\/learning-transfer-leadership-development\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Meta Team \u2014 Diagnostic dataset, 150,000+ data points across thousands of teams, 2014\u20132024.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Premier League \u2014 &#8220;The Immersive Military Experience Transforming Coach Development Across the Premier League,&#8221; January 2026.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.premierleague.com\/en\/news\/4535343\/the-military-experience-transforming-coach-development-across-the-premier-league\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.premierleague.com\/en\/news\/4535343\/the-military-experience-transforming-coach-development-across-the-premier-league<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Harrie&nbsp;Ellaway&nbsp; For L&amp;D leaders, programme designers, executive&nbsp;coaches&nbsp;and the leaders who fund them.&nbsp; Two years ago, a CEO told me politely and accurately that I had answered the wrong question.&nbsp; The programme I was presenting had taken months to build. The brief had travelled through layers of HR and L&amp;D before it reached us, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1869,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","category-teams"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1938"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1939,"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938\/revisions\/1939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metateam.co.uk\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}